Edexcel GCSE Biology

Specialised plant cells

Edexcel GCSE Biology revision on Specialised plant cells. Aligned to the Pearson Edexcel GCSE Biology 1BI0 specification. This bank has 25 practice questions on this topic.

Sample questions (3 of 25)

  1. Question 1

    Which structural feature allows root hair cells to increase the rate of water absorption?

    • A) A large surface area
    • B) A thin cell membrane
    • C) Many mitochondria
    • D) Lack of chloroplasts
    Show answer

    Answer: A large surface area

    The root hair extension significantly increases the surface area available for water and mineral ion uptake from the soil. This structural adaptation enhances the rate of osmosis and active transport compared to standard epidermal cells. While mitochondria are present to provide energy, the primary adaptation for absorption efficiency is the surface area.

  2. Question 2

    What is the primary function of the companion cells found in the phloem tissue?

    • A) Providing energy for flow
    • B) Transporting water up stem
    • C) Structural cell support
    • D) Storing excess starch
    Show answer

    Answer: Providing energy for flow

    Phloem sieve tube elements have very few organelles to allow for efficient flow of dissolved sugars. Companion cells are connected to these sieve tubes and provide the necessary ATP for the active transport of sucrose into the phloem. This process is essential for the translocation of food substances throughout the plant.

  3. Question 3

    Why do xylem vessels have walls strengthened with lignin?

    • A) To prevent them collapsing
    • B) To filter out pathogens
    • C) To speed up water flow
    • D) To store mineral ions
    Show answer

    Answer: To prevent them collapsing

    Xylem vessels transport water under high tension (negative pressure) during transpiration. If the walls were not reinforced with lignin, the vessels would collapse inward. Lignin also makes the walls waterproof, ensuring that water remains within the vessel during transport.

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