Edexcel GCSE Biology

Lungs & gas exchange

Edexcel GCSE Biology revision on Lungs & gas exchange. Aligned to the Pearson Edexcel GCSE Biology 1BI0 specification. This bank has 25 practice questions on this topic.

Sample questions (3 of 25)

  1. Question 1

    Which feature of the alveoli is most significant for maintaining a steep concentration gradient for oxygen diffusion?

    • A) High volume of blood flow
    • B) Extensive capillary network
    • C) Large surface area contact
    • D) Thin moist membrane layer
    Show answer

    Answer: Extensive capillary network

    Diffusion relies on a concentration gradient. By having an extensive capillary network surrounding each alveolus, the body ensures that oxygen-depleted blood is constantly replaced, maintaining a lower oxygen concentration in the blood than in the air space, which drives the rapid diffusion of oxygen into the blood.

  2. Question 2

    What is the primary function of the pleural membranes surrounding the lungs?

    • A) To filter dust from air
    • B) To reduce friction movement
    • C) To exchange gases rapidly
    • D) To prevent lung collapse
    Show answer

    Answer: To reduce friction movement

    The pleural membranes form a double-layered sac filled with pleural fluid. This fluid acts as a lubricant, allowing the lungs to expand and contract smoothly against the ribcage and diaphragm without causing friction damage to the tissues during ventilation.

  3. Question 3

    Which structure in the human respiratory system contains ciliated epithelial cells to protect the lungs?

    Show answer

    Answer: trachea

    The trachea and bronchi contain goblet cells that produce mucus to trap dust and bacteria. Ciliated epithelial cells then use their hair-like projections to sweep this mucus upwards towards the throat to be swallowed and destroyed by stomach acid.

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