AQA GCSE Biology

Specialised plant cells

AQA GCSE Biology revision on Specialised plant cells. Aligned to the AQA GCSE Biology 8461 specification. This bank has 25 practice questions on this topic.

Sample questions (3 of 25)

  1. Question 1

    Which structural feature of a root hair cell directly increases the efficiency of water absorption?

    • A) Large central vacuole
    • B) Extended surface area
    • C) Presence of chloroplast
    • D) Thick cellulose walls
    Show answer

    Answer: Extended surface area

    The hair-like projection significantly increases the surface area to volume ratio of the cell. This allows for a much higher rate of water and mineral ion uptake from the soil into the plant. Other options like thick cell walls would actually hinder the process by increasing the diffusion distance.

  2. Question 2

    What is the primary function of the many mitochondria found within a companion cell?

    • A) To provide energy for osmosis
    • B) To supply ATP for transport
    • C) To produce sugar via growth
    • D) To maintain cell structure
    Show answer

    Answer: To supply ATP for transport

    Phloem transport requires active transport to move dissolved sugars against concentration gradients. Companion cells contain dense clusters of mitochondria to generate the ATP required to power these active processes. The sugars are then moved into the sieve tube elements for distribution throughout the plant.

  3. Question 3

    Which tissue is composed of dead, hollow cells reinforced with lignin to support the plant?

    • A) The phloem vessel tissue
    • B) The xylem vessel tissue
    • C) The palisade mesophyll
    • D) The spongy mesophyll
    Show answer

    Answer: The xylem vessel tissue

    Xylem vessels form a continuous, hollow tube because the end walls between cells break down and the cells die. Lignin is deposited in the walls to provide structural support against the high pressure of water movement. This distinguishes them from living phloem tissue.

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